Orthopteran
| Orthoptera Temporal range: Carboniferous–recent 359–0 Ma |
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| Roesel's bush-cricket | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Class: | Insecta |
| (unranked): | Panorthoptera |
| Order: |
Orthoptera Latreille, 1793 |
| Extant suborders and superfamilies | |
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Suborder Ensifera Suborder Caelifera |
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Suborder Ensifera
Suborder Caelifera
Orthoptera is an order of insects that comprises the grasshoppers, locusts and crickets, including closely related insects such as the katydids and wetas. The order is subdivided into two suborders: Caelifera – grasshoppers, locusts and close relatives; and Ensifera – crickets and close relatives.
More than 20,000 species are distributed worldwide. The insects in the order have incomplete metamorphosis, and produce sound (known as a "stridulation") by rubbing their wings against each other or their legs, the wings or legs containing rows of corrugated bumps. The tympanum or ear is located in the front tibia in crickets, mole crickets, and katydids, and on the first abdominal segment in the grasshoppers and locusts. These organisms use vibrations to locate other individuals.
Grasshoppers and other orthopterans are able to fold their wings, placing them in the group Neoptera.
The name is derived from the Greek ὀρθός orthos meaning "straight" and πτερόν pteron meaning "wing".
Orthopterans have a generally cylindrical body, with elongated hindlegs and musculature adapted for jumping. They have mandibulate mouthparts for biting and chewing and large compound eyes, and may or may not have ocelli, depending on the species. The antennae have multiple joints and filiform type, and are of variable length.
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