Pierre Ramond
| Pierre Ramond | |
|---|---|
| Born |
January 31, 1943 (age 74) Neuilly-sur-Seine, Hauts-de-Seine, France |
| Fields | Physics |
| Institutions | University of Florida |
| Alma mater | Syracuse University |
| Doctoral advisor | A. P. Balachandran |
| Known for |
RNS formalism Ramond–Ramond field Kalb–Ramond field |
Pierre Ramond (French: [ʁamɔ̃]; born 31 January 1943) is Distinguished Professor of Physics at University of Florida in Gainesville, Florida. He played an important role in the development of superstring theory.
Ramond completed his BSEE from Newark College of Engineering (now New Jersey Institute of Technology) in 1965 and completed his Ph. D. in Physics from Syracuse University in 1969. He was a Postdoctoral Fellow at NAL (FermiLab) from 1969 to 1971. He became Instructor at Yale University from 1971 to 1973 and Assistant Professor at Yale University from 1973 to 1976. He moved to Caltech as an R. A. Millikan Senior Fellow in 1976. He became a Professor of Physics at University of Florida in 1980, and promoted to his present title of "Distinguished Professor" in 1999.
Ramond played a major role in the development of superstring theory. In 1971, Ramond generalized Dirac's work for point-like particles to stringlike ones. In this process he discovered two-dimensional supersymmetry and laid the ground for supersymmetry in four spacetime dimensions. He found the spectrum of fermionic modes in string theory and the paper started superstring theory. From this paper André Neveu and John Schwarz developed a string theory with both fermions and bosons.
According to quantum mechanics, particles can be divided into two types: bosons and fermions. The distinction between bosons and fermions is basic. Fermions are particles which have half integer spin (1/2, 3/2, 5/2 and so on), measured in units of Planck's constant and bosons are particles which have integer spin (0, 1, 2 and so on), measured in units of Planck's constant. Examples of fermions are quarks, leptons and baryons. Quantum of fundamental forces such as gravitons, photons, etc. are all bosons. In quantum field theory, fermions interact by exchanging bosons.
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