Poland People's Republic
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Polish People's Republic
Polska Rzeczpospolita Ludowa (Polish)
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Member of the Warsaw Pact (1955–1989) Satellite state of the Soviet Union | |||||||||
| 1947–1989 | |||||||||
 Polish People's Republic during Cold War
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| Status |
Member of the Warsaw Pact (1955–1989) Satellite state of the Soviet Union |
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| Capital | Warsaw | ||||||||
| Common languages |
Polish (official) Silesian, Kashubian, German |
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| Demonym | Pole, Polish | ||||||||
| Government | Unitary Marxist–Leninist one-party socialist republic | ||||||||
| First Secretary of the Polish United Workers' Party | |||||||||
• 1947–1952 |
Bolesław Bierut (first) | ||||||||
• 1989–1990 |
Mieczysław Rakowski (last) | ||||||||
• Head of State 1952–1964 |
Aleksander Zawadzki (first) |
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• 1985–1989 |
Wojciech Jaruzelski (last) | ||||||||
| Prime Minister | |||||||||
• 1944–1947 |
Edward Osóbka-Morawski (first) | ||||||||
• 1989 |
Tadeusz Mazowiecki (last) | ||||||||
| Historical era | Cold War | ||||||||
| 19 January 1947 | |||||||||
• Workers' Party established |
16–21 December 1948 | ||||||||
| 22 July 1952 | |||||||||
| 30 December 1989 | |||||||||
| Area | |||||||||
| 312,685 km2 (120,728 sq mi) | |||||||||
| Population | |||||||||
• 1989 |
37,970,155 | ||||||||
| Currency | Polish złoty | ||||||||
| Calling code | 48 | ||||||||
| ISO 3166 code | PL | ||||||||
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The Polish People's Republic (Polish: Polska Rzeczpospolita Ludowa, PRL) was a country that existed from 1947 to 1989 in Central Europe, and the predecessor to the modern democratic Republic of Poland. With a population of approximately 37.9 million inhabitants near the end of its existence, it was the most populous state of the Eastern Bloc after the Soviet Union. Having a unitary Marxist–Leninist communist government, it was also one of the main signatories of the Warsaw Pact. The official capital since 1947 and largest city was Warsaw, followed by industrial Łódź and cultural Kraków.
The former country covers the history of contemporary Poland between 1952 and 1989 under the Soviet-backed communist government established after the Red Army's release of its territory from German occupation in World War II. The name People's Republic was introduced and defined by the Constitution of 1952 which was based on the 1936 Soviet Constitution. The state's name was the Republic of Poland (Rzeczpospolita Polska) between 1947 and 1952 in accordance with the temporary Constitution of 1947. From 1952 the Sejm exercised no real power, and Poland was regarded as a puppet entity set up and controlled by the Soviet Union. With time, Poland developed into a satellite state of the Soviet Union.
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