Presidency of Rutherford B. Hayes

The Hayes Cabinet
Office	Name	Term
President	Rutherford B. Hayes	1877–1881
Vice President	William A. Wheeler	1877–1881
Secretary of State	William M. Evarts	1877–1881
Secretary of Treasury	John Sherman	1877–1881
Secretary of War	George W. McCrary	1877–1879
	Alexander Ramsey	1879–1881
Attorney General	Charles Devens	1877–1881
Postmaster General	David M. Key	1877–1880
	Horace Maynard	1880–1881
Secretary of the Navy	Richard W. Thompson	1877–1880
	Nathan Goff, Jr.	1881
Secretary of the Interior	Carl Schurz	1877–1881

The presidency of Rutherford B. Hayes began on March 4, 1877, when Rutherford B. Hayes was inaugurated as President of the United States, and ended on March 4, 1881. Hayes, the 19th United States president, took office after winning the closely contested 1876 presidential election. He declined to seek re-election and was succeeded by James A. Garfield, a fellow Republican and ally.

Taking office after an intensely disputed election, Hayes withdrew the last federal troops from the South, and ended the Reconstruction Era. He attempted to reconcile the divisions left over from the Civil War and Reconstruction while protecting the civil rights of African-Americans, but largely failed in the latter pursuit. A strong proponent of civil service reform, he challenged his own party in making appointments. Though he was largely unsuccessful in enacting long-term reform, he helped provide a significant impetus for the eventual passage of the Pendleton Civil Service Reform Act in 1883. He helped put down the Great Railroad Strike of 1877, one of the largest labor strikes in U.S. history, by sending in federal soldiers. Insisting that maintenance of the gold standard was essential to economic recovery, he vetoed the Bland–Allison Act, which would have put silver money into circulation and raised prices. Congress overrode his veto, but Hayes successfully passed the Specie Payment Resumption Act, creating a policy compromise between inflationists and advocates of hard money. His policy toward Western Native Americans anticipated the assimilationist program of the Dawes Act of 1887. In foreign policy, Hayes asserted U.S. influence in Latin America and the continuing primacy of the Monroe Doctrine. Polls of historians and political scientists generally rank Hayes as an average president.

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