Project BP-190

BP-190 was the first draft of Human launch on a rocket into suborbital space flight on a ballistic trajectory at USSR between 1940's and 1950's. According to official sources the project was not brought up to the goal, although some proponents of conspiracy theories claim that manned flights failed the first astronauts on the project still have been committed in the late 1950s.

According to a secret decree of the Soviet Government by on May 13, 1946 the year the development of the rocket industry was launched in the USSR. Even before this, in the autumn of 1945, the group M.Tikhonravov and Nikolai Chernyshov at NII-4 rocket artillery Academy of Sciences technology on its own initiative the first stratospheric rocket project was developed by BP-190 (also according to some estimates - project "Victory") for vertical flight of two pilots to an altitude of 200 km based on captured German ballistic rocket V-2 (A-4). In February 1946, the project was presented to the Secretary of the USSR Academy of Sciences Academician N. G. Bruevich, and in March - the president of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR S. Vavilov. Then, the project has received a positive assessment of the expert committee of academician S. Khristianovich and was introduced to the Ministry of Aviation Industry at a meeting in June, the Minister of the aviation industry Mikhail Khrunichev.

Conducting testing of unmanned and manned landing on the draft of flights provided from the landfill (later spaceport) at Kapustin Yar in the Astrakhan region. According to the project the flights lasted for about 20 minutes, the rocket reached a height of more than 100 km (Kármán line) in the upper atmosphere (stratosphere) and their separating warheads with passengers descended back into parachutes and landing a few kilometers from the launch site.

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Wikipedia