Pulvinar nuclei
| pulvinar nuclei | |
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Hind- and mid-brains; postero-lateral view. (Pulvinar visible near top.)
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Thalamic nuclei:
MNG = Midline nuclear group AN = Anterior nuclear group MD = Medial dorsal nucleus VNG = Ventral nuclear group VA = Ventral anterior nucleus VL = Ventral lateral nucleus VPL = Ventral posterolateral nucleus VPM = Ventral posteromedial nucleus LNG = Lateral nuclear group PUL = Pulvinar MTh = Metathalamus LG = Lateral geniculate nucleus MG = Medial geniculate nucleus |
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| Details | |
| Part of | thalamus |
| Identifiers | |
| Latin | nuclei pulvinaris (the nuclei plurally); pulvinar thalami (the set of nuclei singularly) |
| MeSH | A08.186.211.730.385.826.701.485.600 |
| NeuroNames | hier-311 |
| NeuroLex ID | Pulvinar |
| Dorlands /Elsevier |
p_42/12680162 |
| TA |
A14.1.08.104 A14.1.08.610 |
| FMA | 62178 |
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Anatomical terms of neuroanatomy
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The pulvinar nuclei or nuclei of the pulvinar (nuclei pulvinares) are the nuclei (cell bodies of neurons) located in the thalamus (a part of the vertebrate brain). As a group they make up the collection called the pulvinar of the thalamus (pulvinar thalami), usually just called the pulvinar.
The pulvinar is usually grouped as one of the lateral thalamic nuclei in rodents and carnivores, and stands as an independent complex in primates.
By convention, the pulvinar is divided into four nuclei:
Their connectomic details are as follows:
Lesions of the pulvinar can result in neglect syndromes and attentional deficits.
The pulvinar varies in importance in different animals: it is virtually nonexistent in the rat, and grouped as the lateral posterior-pulvinar complex with the lateral posterior thalamic nucleus due to its small size in cats. In humans it makes up roughly 40% of the thalamus making it the largest of its nuclei. Significant research has been undertaken in the marmoset examining the role of the retinorecipient region of the inferior pulvinar (medial subdivision), which projects to visual cortical area MT, in the early development of MT and the dorsal stream, as well as following early-life lesions of the primary visual cortex (V1).
The word pulvinar (English /pəlˈvaɪnər/) comes to scientific English vocabulary via New Latin from classical Latin pulvinus, "cushion". In the religion of ancient Rome, a pulvinar was an empty throne, a cushioned couch for occupation by a deity. Like the cervix uteri is usually just called the cervix (with "which cervix" being implicit), the pulvinar thalami (pulvinar of the thalamus) is usually just called the pulvinar (with "which pulvinar" being implicit); no other anatomic structure in today's Terminologia Anatomica is called a pulvinar, although in older terminology a part of the glomus body was called the pulvinar tunicae internae segmenti arterialis anastomosis arteriovenae glomeriformis. Each pulvinar nucleus (nucleus pulvinaris) has its own set of cortical connections.
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