Pupusas de arroz
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| Alternative names | Pupusawa |
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| Type | Sandwich |
| Place of origin | El Salvador |
| Region or state | Olocuilta |
| Main ingredients | Corn masa flour Fillings e.g. meat, fish, cheese, vegetables |
| Variations | Rice flour pupusa |
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A pupusa (Spanish pronunciation: [puˈpusa], from Pipil pupusawa) is a traditional Salvadoran dish of a thick corn tortilla stuffed with a savory filling, typically accompanied by curtido spicy coleslaw.
The tortilla is commonly handmade from masa de maíz nixtamalized corn flour, filled and cooked on a comal griddle. Common fillings include one or more of cheeses, pork chicharrónes and refried beans.
Pupusa may be a Spanish rendering of popotlax, which is a combination of the Pipil or Nahuatl words popotl meaning large, stuffed, bulky, and tlaxkalli which means tortilla. It may also come from the Pipil language, pupusawa.
Pupusas were first created centuries ago by the Pipil tribes who inhabited the territory now known as El Salvador. Cooking implements for their preparation have been excavated in Joya de Cerén, "El Salvador's Pompeii", site of a native village that was buried by ashes from a volcano explosion, and where foodstuffs were preserved as they were being cooked almost 2000 years ago. The instruments for their preparation have also been found in other archaeological sites in El Salvador.
The pre-Columbian pupusa were vegetarian and half-moon shaped. They were filled with squash flowers and buds, herbs such chipilin and mora, fungi and salt. By 1570 meat had been incorporated into the filling, as noted by Franciscan monk Bernardino De Sahagun.
In the late 1940s, pupusas were still not widespread across El Salvador, and were mostly localized in the central towns, such as Quezaltepeque, and cities of the country. As the population began migrating to other areas in the 1960s, pupusa stands proliferated across the country and in neighboring areas of Honduras and Guatemala, sometimes with variations in shape, size or filling. In Guatemala during the 1970s, pupusas had a half-moon shape. The half-moon shape would be considered a half-eaten pupusa in the Chalatenango area; fish pupusas were uncommon, and pupusas served east of the Lempa River usually had a much larger diameter.
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