Regents of the University of California v. Bakke
| Regents of the University of California v. Bakke | |
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| Argued October 12, 1977 Decided June 28, 1978 |
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| Full case name | Regents of the University of California v. Allan Bakke |
| Citations | 438 U.S. 265 (more)
98 S. Ct. 2733; 57 L. Ed. 2d 750; 1978 U.S. LEXIS 5; 17 Fair Empl. Prac. Cas. (BNA) 1000; 17 Empl. Prac. Dec. (CCH) P8402
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| Prior history | Certiorari to the Supreme Court of California. Bakke v. Regents of the University of California, 18 Cal. 3d 34, 132 Cal. Rptr. 680, 553 P.2d 1152, 1976 Cal. LEXIS 336 (1976) |
| Holding | |
| Bakke was ordered admitted to UC Davis Medical School, and the school's practice of reserving 16 seats for minority students was struck down. Judgment of the Supreme Court of California reversed insofar as it forbade the university from taking race into account in admissions. | |
| Court membership | |
| Case opinions | |
| Majority | Powell (Parts I and V-C), joined by Brennan, White, Marshall, and Blackmun. Burger, Stewart, Rehnquist, and Stevens joined in the part of the judgment finding UC Davis's affirmative action program unconstitutional and ordering Bakke admitted. |
| Plurality | Powell (Part III-A), joined by White |
| Concur/dissent | Brennan, White, Marshall, Blackmun |
| Concur/dissent | White |
| Concur/dissent | Marshall |
| Concur/dissent | Blackmun |
| Concur/dissent | Stevens, joined by Burger, Stewart, Rehnquist |
| Laws applied | |
| Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 | |
Regents of the University of California v. Bakke, (/ˈbɑːkiː/) 438 U.S. 265 (1978) was a landmark decision by the Supreme Court of the United States. It upheld affirmative action, allowing race to be one of several factors in college admission policy. However, the court ruled that specific racial quotas, such as the 16 out of 100 seats set aside for minority students by the University of California, Davis School of Medicine, were impermissible.
Although the Supreme Court had outlawed segregation in schools, and had even ordered school districts to take steps to assure integration, the question of the legality of voluntary affirmative action programs initiated by universities was unresolved. Proponents deemed such programs necessary to make up for past discrimination, while opponents believed they were illegal and a violation of the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution. An earlier case that the Supreme Court had taken in an attempt to address the issue, DeFunis v. Odegaard (1974), was dismissed on procedural grounds.
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