Republic of Romania

Romania România  (Romanian)
Flag Coat of arms
Anthem: Deșteaptă-te, române! '"Awaken thee, Romanian!"
Location of  Romania  (dark green) – in Europe  (green & dark grey) – in the European Union  (green)  –  [Legend]
Capital and largest city	Bucharest 44°25′N 26°06′E / 44.417°N 26.100°E / 44.417; 26.100
Official languages	Romanian
Recognised minority languages	Albanian Armenian Bulgarian Czech Croatian German Greek Italian Macedonian Hungarian Polish Romani Russian Rusyn Serbian Slovak Tatar Turkish Ukrainian Yiddish
Ethnic groups (2011)	88.9% Romanians 6.1% Hungarians 3.0% Roma 0.2% Ukrainians 0.2% Germans
Demonym	Romanian
Government	Unitary semi-presidential republic
• President	Klaus Iohannis
• Prime Minister	Mihai Tudose
Legislature	Parliament
• Upper house	Senate
• Lower house	Chamber of Deputies
Formation
• Kingdom of Dacia	168 BC
• Roman conquest	106
• Migration Period	275 – 10th century
• First Romanian polities	10th century – 1330
• Principality of Wallachia	1330
• Principality of Moldavia	1346
• Principality of Transylvania	1570
• First union under Michael the Brave	1600
• United Principalitiesa	24 January 1859
• Independence from the Ottoman Empire	9 May 1877 / 1878b
• Kingdom of Romania	14 March 1881
• Great Unionc	1 December 1918d
Area
• Total	238,397 km2 (92,046 sq mi) (81st)
• Water (%)	3
Population
• 2017 estimate	19,638,000 (59th)
• 2011 census	20,121,641 (58th)
• Density	84.4/km2 (218.6/sq mi) (117th)
GDP (PPP)	2017 estimate
• Total	$470.312 billion (42nd)
• Per capita	$23,957 (61st)
GDP (nominal)	2017 estimate
• Total	$197.004 billion (49th)
• Per capita	$10,097 (67th)
Gini (2013)	34 medium
HDI (2015)	0.802 very high · 50th
Currency	Romanian Leu (RON)
Time zone	EET (UTC+2)
• Summer (DST)	EEST (UTC+3)
Date format	dd.mm.yyyy (AD)
Drives on the	right
Calling code	+40
Patron saint	Saint Andrew
ISO 3166 code	RO
Internet TLD	.roe
The double election of Alexandru Ioan Cuza in Moldavia and Wallachia (respectively, 5 and 24 January 1859). Independence proclaimed on 9 May 1877, internationally recognised in 1878. The union of Romania with Bessarabia, Bukovina and Transylvania in 1918. Monarchy was abolished on 30 December 1947 upon the proclamation of the People's Republic and was changed with the new constitution upon its adoption on 21 August 1965 as the Socialist Republic. The Communist regime fell on 22 December 1989, the new democratic government was installed on 20 May 1990 and the new post-communist constitution was adopted on 21 November 1991. Romania joined the European Union on 1 January 2007. Also .eu, shared with other European Union member states.

Coordinates: 46°N 25°E / 46°N 25°E / 46; 25

– in Europe  (green & dark grey)
– in the European Union  (green)  –  [Legend]

Romania (/roʊˈmeɪniə/ ( listen) roh-MAY-nee-ə; Romanian: România ⁱ[romɨˈni.a]) is a sovereign state located in Southeastern Europe. It borders the Black Sea, Bulgaria, Ukraine, Hungary, Serbia, and Moldova. It has an area of 238,397 square kilometres (92,046 sq mi) and a temperate-continental climate. With almost 20 million inhabitants, the country is the seventh most populous member state of the European Union. Its capital and largest city, Bucharest, is the sixth-largest city in the EU, with 1,883,425 inhabitants as of 2011.