Salazar regime
| Portuguese Republic | ||||||||||
| República Portuguesa | ||||||||||
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Anthem A Portuguesa (Portuguese) The Portuguese |
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| Capital | Lisbon | |||||||||
| Languages | Portuguese | |||||||||
| Religion | Roman Catholicism | |||||||||
| Government | Authoritarian corporatist one-party republic | |||||||||
| President | ||||||||||
| • | 1926–1951 | Óscar Carmona | ||||||||
| • | 1951–1958 | Francisco Craveiro Lopes | ||||||||
| • | 1958–1974 | Américo Tomás | ||||||||
| Prime Minister | ||||||||||
| • | 1932–1968 | António de Oliveira Salazar | ||||||||
| • | 1968–1974 | Marcello Caetano | ||||||||
| Legislature | Two-chamber legislature | |||||||||
| • | Consultative chamber | Corporative Chamber | ||||||||
| • | Legislative chamber | National Assembly | ||||||||
| History | ||||||||||
| • | Proclamation | 19 March 1933 | ||||||||
| • | Admitted to the United Nations | 14 December 1955 | ||||||||
| • | Carnation Revolution | 25 April 1974 | ||||||||
| Area | ||||||||||
| • | 1940 | 2,168,071 km2 (837,097 sq mi) | ||||||||
| Population | ||||||||||
| • | 1940 est. | 17,103,404 | ||||||||
| Density | 8/km2 (20/sq mi) | |||||||||
| • | 1970 est. | 22,521,010 | ||||||||
| Density | 10/km2 (27/sq mi) | |||||||||
| Currency | Escudo | |||||||||
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| Today part of |
 Portugal Angola Mozambique Guinea-Bissau Cape Verde São Tomé and Príncipe India (Portuguese India) Benin (São João Baptista de Ajudá) Timor-Leste Macau
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The Estado Novo (Portuguese pronunciation: [(ɨ)ʃˈtadu, -ðu ˈnovu], "New State"), or the Second Republic, was the corporatist authoritarian regime installed in Portugal in 1933, which was considered fascist. It evolved from the Ditadura Nacional formed after the coup d'état of 28 May 1926 against the democratic and unstable First Republic. Together, the Ditadura Nacional and Estado Novo are recognized as the Second Portuguese Republic. The Estado Novo, greatly inspired by conservative and authoritarian ideologies, was developed by António de Oliveira Salazar, President of the Council of Ministers of Portugal from 1932 to 1968, when he fell ill and was replaced by Marcelo Caetano.
Opposed to communism, socialism, anarchism, liberalism and anti-colonialism, the regime was corporatist, conservative, and nationalist in nature, defending Portugal as Catholic. Its policy envisaged the perpetuation of Portugal as a pluricontinental nation under the doctrine of lusotropicalism, with Angola, Mozambique, and other Portuguese territories as extensions of Portugal itself, and it being a supposed source of civilization and stability to the overseas societies in the African and Asian possessions. Under Estado Novo, Portugal tried to perpetuate a vast, centuries-old empire with a total area of 2,168,071 square kilometres (837,097 sq mi), while other former colonial powers had largely already acceded to global calls for self-determination and independence.
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