Sansepolcrismo

Sansepolcrismo is a term used to refer to the movement led by Benito Mussolini that preceded Fascism. The Sansepolcrismo takes its name from the rally organized by Mussolini at Piazza San Sepolcro in Milan on March 23, 1919, where he proclaimed the principles of Fasci Italiani di Combattimento, and then published them in the newspaper he co-founded, "Il Popolo d'Italia", on June 6, 1919.

On March 2, 1919, "Il Popolo d'Italia" published a statement that included the program for a meeting for March 23, 1919. Further mentions of the meeting were published on March 4 in Genoa by the Fascist War Veterans publications "Italia Redenta" (Italy Redeemed) and "Pensiero e Azione (Thought and Action). Word of the meeting was then spread among various veterans' associations spread throughout Italy. The statement was reiterated later March 9 in "Il Popolo d'Italia": "On 23 March an "anti-party" will be created, the Fighting Fascists, who will face against two dangers: the misoneists of the right, and the destructiveness of the left".

On the evening of March 21, 1919, the Union Local of the Association of Traders and Merchants in Piazza San Sepolcro the Fascio di Combattimento di Milano (Milan Fighting Fascists) were officially founded,. Participants were afterward regarded as the so-called Fascio primigenio (primitive Fascists). After the first meeting of the council, they included: Benito Mussolini, Ferruccio Vecchi, Enzo Ferrari, Michele Bianchi, Mario Giampaoli, Ferruccio Ferradini, and Carlo Meraviglia. It also decided that the gathering of March 23 would be chaired by Ferruccio Vecchi and that their Executive Secretary would be Michele Bianchi.

In the previous days, rumors circulated that accused the Italian Communist Red Guard group of planning to prevent the gathering. The night before, supporters began to organize in Milan, almost all veterans of World War I, but the morning of March 23 was found to be quiet at Piazza San Sepolcro and confirmed by Carlo Meraviglia, who had arrived in advance specifically to review the situation.

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