Scalar–tensor–vector gravity

Scalar–tensor–vector gravity (STVG) is a modified theory of gravity developed by John Moffat, a researcher at the Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics in Waterloo, Ontario. The theory is also often referred to by the acronym MOG (MOdified Gravity).

Scalar–tensor–vector gravity theory, also known as MOdified Gravity (MOG), is based on an action principle and postulates the existence of a vector field, while elevating the three constants of the theory to scalar fields. In the weak-field approximation, STVG produces a Yukawa-like modification of the gravitational force due to a point source. Intuitively, this result can be described as follows: far from a source gravity is stronger than the Newtonian prediction, but at shorter distances, it is counteracted by a repulsive fifth force due to the vector field.

STVG has been used successfully to explain galaxy rotation curves, the mass profiles of galaxy clusters, gravitational lensing in the Bullet Cluster, and cosmological observations without the need for dark matter. On a smaller scale, in the Solar System, STVG predicts no observable deviation from general relativity. The theory may also offer an explanation for the origin of inertia.

STVG is formulated using the action principle. In the following discussion, a metric signature of ${\displaystyle [+,-,-,-]}$ will be used; the speed of light is set to ${\displaystyle c=1}$, and we are using the following definition for the Ricci tensor: ${\displaystyle R_{\mu \nu }=\partial _{\alpha }\Gamma _{\mu \nu }^{\alpha }-\partial _{\nu }\Gamma _{\mu \alpha }^{\alpha }+\Gamma _{\mu \nu }^{\alpha }\Gamma _{\alpha \beta }^{\beta }-\Gamma _{\mu \beta }^{\alpha }\Gamma _{\alpha \nu }^{\beta }.}$

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