Sidónio Pais
|
His Excellency Sidónio Pais |
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|---|---|
 |
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| 4th President of Portugal | |
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In office 27 December 1917 – 14 December 1918 |
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| Preceded by | Bernardino Machado |
| Succeeded by | João do Canto e Castro |
| 66th Prime Minister of Portugal | |
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In office 12 December 1917 – 9 May 1918 |
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| Preceded by | Revolutionary Junta |
| Succeeded by | João do Canto e Castro |
| President of the Revolutionary Junta | |
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In office 8 December 1917 – 12 December 1917 |
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| President | Bernardino Machado |
| Preceded by | José Norton de Matos (as Prime Minister) |
| Succeeded by | Himself (as Prime Minister) |
| Minister of Foreign Affairs | |
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In office 11 December 1917 – 9 May 1918 |
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| Preceded by | Revolutionary Junta |
| Succeeded by | Francisco Xavier Esteves |
| Minister of War | |
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In office 11 December 1917 – 9 May 1918 |
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| Preceded by | Revolutionary Junta |
| Succeeded by | João Tamagnini Barbosa |
| Minister of Finance | |
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In office 12 November 1911 – 16 June 1912 |
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| Prime Minister | Augusto de Vasconcelos |
| Preceded by | Duarte Leite |
| Succeeded by | António Vicente Ferreira |
| Minister of Commerce and Public Works | |
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In office 4 September 1911 – 12 November 1911 |
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| Prime Minister | João Chagas |
| Preceded by | Manuel de Brito Camacho |
| Succeeded by | Estêvão de Vasconcelos |
| Personal details | |
| Born |
Sidónio Bernardino Cardoso da Silva Pais 1 May 1872 Caminha, Portugal |
| Died | 14 December 1918 (aged 46) St Joseph Hospital, Lisbon, Portugal (assassinated) |
| Resting place | National Pantheon, Alfama, Lisbon, Portugal |
| Political party | National Republican (Sidonist) |
| Spouse(s) | Maria dos Prazeres Bessa (m. 1895–1918); his death |
| Children | 5 |
| Education | Liceu de Viana do Castelo |
| Alma mater |
Military Academy University of Coimbra |
| Occupation |
Military officer (Major) Lecturer |
| Profession | Mathematician |
| Religion | Atheist |
| Signature |  |
| Nickname(s) | Presidente-Rei (President-King) |
Sidónio Bernardino Cardoso da Silva Pais (Portuguese pronunciation: [siˈdɔniu ˈpajʃ]; 1 May 1872, in Caminha – 14 December 1918, in Lisbon) was a Portuguese politician, military officer, and diplomat, who served as the fourth President of the First Portuguese Republic in 1918. One of the most divisive figures in modern Portuguese history, he was referred to by the writer Fernando Pessoa as the "President-King", a description that stuck in later years and symbolizes his regime.
Pais was born in Caminha, 1 May 1872, the eldest child of Sidónio Alberto Marrocos Pais, a notary of Jewish descent, and Rita Júlia Cardoso da Silva, both natives of Caminha.
He completed his primary education in Serta, where he lived between the ages of 7 and 11, and completed his secondary education at the Lyceum of Viana do Castelo, after which he went to Coimbra in order to take preparatory courses in mathematics and philosophy. In 1888, he decided upon a military career and entered the Army School, attending artillery courses. An outstanding student, he completed his courses with distinction, and was promoted to sub-lieutenant (alferes) in 1892, lieutenant in 1895, captain in 1906 and major in 1916.
Upon completion of his courses at the Army School, Pais enrolled at the University of Coimbra, where he graduated in mathematics. He received his doctorate at the same University in 1898.
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