Strasburgeria
| Strasburgeria | |
|---|---|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| (unranked): | Angiosperms |
| (unranked): | Eudicots |
| (unranked): | Rosids |
| Order: | Crossosomatales |
| Family: | Strasburgeriaceae |
| Genus: |
Strasburgeria Baill. |
| Species: | S. robusta |
| Binomial name | |
|
Strasburgeria robusta (Vieill. ex Panch. & Sebert) Guillaumin |
|
| Synonyms | |
|
Montrouziera robusta, Strasburgeria calliantha |
|
Montrouziera robusta, Strasburgeria calliantha
Strasburgeria robusta is an evergreen tree with large toothed leaves and large but rather inconspicuous, single, pendulant flowers in a gloomy colorscheme of yellowish with brown markings, with about ten sepals, five petals, ten stamens, a very distinct circular nectar gland with radiating spikes and rather large globular fruits with a long persistent style, with a scent reminiscent of apples, which is endemic to New Caledonia. It is the only recognized species of the genus Strasburgeria.
Strasburgeria robusta is an icosaploid with five hundred chromosomes, in twenty sets of twenty five (20n = 500). This massive polyploidy in S. robusta may have enabled the adaptations that let it survive on the ultramafic substrates found in the montane forest of New Caledonia.
The wood of Strasburgeria does not have growth rings. Wood vessels are mostly isolated but sometimes occur in pairs or with three together. The ending of the vessel is very oblique (almost vertical), with twenty to thirty five bars (a state called scalariform). The leaves are simple, hairless, have a short leaf stem, a long inverted egg-shape, and are arranged alternately around the stem. Stipules grow between the base of the leaf stem and the stem, a rather rare character. Leaf stems have narrow wings on each side, which is a continuation of the leaf blades. Blades are about 12 cm long and 4–5 cm wide, leathery with a rounded tip, have a foot that gradually narrows into the wings of the leaf stem, and have widely spaced teeth along the margins, particularly in the distal half. These teeth are clear to see in leaves on young shoots but become very subtle on leaves on older growth. The tip of the teeth is opaque. The stomata are restricted to the underside (or abaxial surface), and are of the anomocytic type.
The large (5-5½ × 2-2½ cm), more or less pendulant, star-symmetrical, hermaphrodite flowers stand individually in the axil of the leaves on a short flower stem. The calyx consists of eight to ten, free, concave, and spirally arranged sepals which gradually increase in size from outer to inner, overlap in the bud, and do not fall after flowering. These sepals are approximately oval in shape, leathery in consistency and are covered in simple one-celled straight or slightly curved hairs of 0.2-0.6 mm. Sepals and petals both contain crystals of various shapes and mucilaginous cells. The five (or sometimes six) free petals are oval, much larger than the sepals, also overlap in the but, but fall off after flowering, with a range in form that includes inverted egg-shaped. The petals are thick, cream to yellow in color, sometimes with a purple blush, and with an irregular pattern of brown or red veins. The ten free filaments are the same color as the petals, thick, gradually tapering upwards, 4-5¼ cm long, ½ cm broad, and carry facing the style an anther that is connected at midlength with the filament. The dark brownish anthers open with slits to the sides to release the cream-colored pollen. Pollen is triangular with very short slits at each of the corners and lacks further adornment. The outer margin of the disc is a very distinct narrow circular ridge-shaped nectar gland with ten side-ridges radiating out. The four to seven carpels are fused and carry a single, long, straight style which is topped by a lobed stigma. The style is not shed after flowering.
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Wikipedia