Strom Thurman
| Strom Thurmond | |
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United States Senator from South Carolina |
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In office November 7, 1956 – January 3, 2003 |
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| Preceded by | Thomas A. Wofford |
| Succeeded by | Lindsey Graham |
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In office December 24, 1954 – April 4, 1956 |
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| Preceded by | Charles E. Daniel |
| Succeeded by | Thomas A. Wofford |
| President pro tempore emeritus of the United States Senate | |
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In office June 6, 2001 – January 3, 2003 |
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| Preceded by | Position established |
| Succeeded by | Robert Byrd (indirectly) |
| President pro tempore of the United States Senate | |
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In office January 20, 2001 – June 6, 2001 |
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| Preceded by | Robert Byrd |
| Succeeded by | Robert Byrd |
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In office January 3, 1995 – January 3, 2001 |
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| Preceded by | Robert Byrd |
| Succeeded by | Robert Byrd |
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In office January 3, 1981 – January 3, 1987 |
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| Preceded by | Warren G. Magnuson |
| Succeeded by | John C. Stennis |
| Chairman of the Senate Armed Services Committee | |
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In office January 3, 1995 – January 3, 1999 |
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| Preceded by | Sam Nunn |
| Succeeded by | John Warner |
| Chairman of the Senate Judiciary Committee | |
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In office January 3, 1981 – January 3, 1987 |
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| Preceded by | Ted Kennedy |
| Succeeded by | Joe Biden |
| 103rd Governor of South Carolina | |
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In office January 21, 1947 – January 16, 1951 |
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| Lieutenant | George Bell Timmerman, Jr. |
| Preceded by | Ransome Judson Williams |
| Succeeded by | James F. Byrnes |
| Member of the South Carolina Senate from Edgefield County |
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In office January 10, 1933 – January 14, 1938 |
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| Preceded by | Thomas Benjamin Greneker |
| Succeeded by | William Preston Yonce |
| Personal details | |
| Born |
James Strom Thurmond December 5, 1902 Edgefield, South Carolina, U.S. |
| Died | June 26, 2003 (aged 100) Edgefield, South Carolina, U.S. |
| Resting place | Willowbrook Cemetery, Edgefield, South Carolina |
| Political party |
Democratic (before 1964) Republican (1964–2003) |
| Other political affiliations |
Dixiecrat (1948) |
| Spouse(s) |
Jean Crouch (m. 1947; d. 1960) Nancy Moore (m. 1968) |
| Children | 5, including Essie Mae and Paul Reynolds |
| Alma mater | Clemson University |
| Profession |
Teacher Lawyer |
| Signature |  |
| Military service | |
| Allegiance |
 United States |
| Service/branch | |
| Years of service | 1924–1964 |
| Rank |
 Major general
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| Battles/wars | |
| Awards |
Legion of Merit (2) Bronze Star with valor Purple Heart World War II Victory Medal European-African-Middle Eastern Campaign Medal Order of the Crown Croix de Guerre |
James Strom Thurmond Sr. (December 5, 1902 – June 26, 2003) was an American politician who served for 48 years as a United States Senator from South Carolina. He ran for president in 1948 as the States Rights Democratic Party candidate, receiving 2.4% of the popular vote and 39 electoral votes. Thurmond represented South Carolina in the United States Senate from 1954 until 2003, at first as a Democrat and, after 1964, as a Republican.
A magnet for controversy during his nearly half-century Senate career, Thurmond switched parties because of his disaffection with the support for civil rights of the national Democratic party, and his support for the conservatism of the Republican presidential candidate Senator Barry Goldwater. In the months before switching, he had "been critical of the Democratic Administration for ... enactment of the Civil Rights Law", while Goldwater "boasted of his opposition to the Civil Rights Act, and made it part of his platform." Thurmond left office as the only member of either chamber of Congress to reach the age of 100 while still in office, and as the oldest-serving and longest-serving senator in U.S. history (although he was later surpassed in the latter by Robert Byrd and Daniel Inouye). Thurmond holds the record as the longest-serving member of Congress to serve exclusively in the Senate. He is also the longest-serving Republican member of Congress in U.S. history. At 14 years, he was also the longest-serving Dean of the United States Senate in U.S. history.
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