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Sulfur (pharmacy)

Sulfur,  16S
Sulfur-sample.jpg
General properties
Pronunciation /ˈsʌlfər/
SUL-fər
Alternative name sulphur (British spelling)
Appearance lemon yellow sintered microcrystals
Standard atomic weight (Ar, standard) [32.059, 32.076] conventional: 32.06
Sulfur in the periodic table
Hydrogen Helium
Lithium Beryllium Boron Carbon Nitrogen Oxygen Fluorine Neon
Sodium Magnesium Aluminium Silicon Phosphorus Sulfur Chlorine Argon
Potassium Calcium Scandium Titanium Vanadium Chromium Manganese Iron Cobalt Nickel Copper Zinc Gallium Germanium Arsenic Selenium Bromine Krypton
Rubidium Strontium Yttrium Zirconium Niobium Molybdenum Technetium Ruthenium Rhodium Palladium Silver Cadmium Indium Tin Antimony Tellurium Iodine Xenon
Caesium Barium Lanthanum Cerium Praseodymium Neodymium Promethium Samarium Europium Gadolinium Terbium Dysprosium Holmium Erbium Thulium Ytterbium Lutetium Hafnium Tantalum Tungsten Rhenium Osmium Iridium Platinum Gold Mercury (element) Thallium Lead Bismuth Polonium Astatine Radon
Francium Radium Actinium Thorium Protactinium Uranium Neptunium Plutonium Americium Curium Berkelium Californium Einsteinium Fermium Mendelevium Nobelium Lawrencium Rutherfordium Dubnium Seaborgium Bohrium Hassium Meitnerium Darmstadtium Roentgenium Copernicium Nihonium Flerovium Moscovium Livermorium Tennessine Oganesson
O
↑
S
↓
Se
phosphorus ← sulfur → chlorine
Atomic number (Z) 16
Group, period group 16 (chalcogens), period 3
Block p-block
Element category   polyatomic nonmetal
Electron configuration [Ne] 3s2 3p4
Electrons per shell
 2, 8, 6
Physical properties
Phase (at STP) solid
Melting point 388.36 K ​(115.21 °C, ​239.38 °F)
Boiling point 717.8 K ​(444.6 °C, ​832.3 °F)
Density (near r.t.) alpha: 2.07 g/cm3
beta: 1.96 g/cm3
gamma: 1.92 g/cm3
when liquid (at m.p.) 1.819 g/cm3
Critical point 1314 K, 20.7 MPa
Heat of fusion mono: 1.727 kJ/mol
Heat of vaporization mono: 45 kJ/mol
Molar heat capacity 22.75 J/(mol·K)
Vapor pressure
P (Pa) 1 10 100 1 k 10 k 100 k
at T (K) 375 408 449 508 591 717
Atomic properties
Oxidation states 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1, −1, −2 ​(a strongly acidic oxide)
Electronegativity Pauling scale: 2.58
Ionization energies
  • 1st: 999.6 kJ/mol
  • 2nd: 2252 kJ/mol
  • 3rd: 3357 kJ/mol
  • (more)
Covalent radius 105±3 pm
Van der Waals radius 180 pm
Color lines in a spectral range
Miscellanea
Crystal structure ​orthorhombic
Orthorhombic crystal structure for sulfur
Thermal conductivity 0.205 W/(m·K) (amorphous)
Electrical resistivity 2×1015  Ω·m (at 20 °C) (amorphous)
Magnetic ordering diamagnetic
Magnetic susceptibility (α) −15.5·10−6 cm3/mol (298 K)
Bulk modulus 7.7 GPa
Mohs hardness 2.0
CAS Number 7704-34-9
History
Discovery Chinese(before 2000 BCE)
Recognized as an element by Antoine Lavoisier (1777)
Main isotopes of sulfur
Iso­tope Abun­dance Half-life (t1/2) Decay mode Pro­duct
32S 94.99% stable
33S 0.75% stable
34S 4.25% stable
35S trace 87.32 d β− 35Cl
36S 0.01% stable
| references |
Color lines in a spectral range
Octasulfur
Molecular Sulfur (S8) V.1.svg
Clinical data
AHFS/Drugs.com Multum Consumer Information
Routes of
administration		 Topical, rarely oral
ATC code
Legal status
Legal status
Identifiers
CAS Number
PubChem CID
ChemSpider
ChEBI
ECHA InfoCard 100.028.839
Chemical and physical data
Formula S8
Molar mass 256.52 g/mol
3D model (JSmol)
NFPA 704
fire diamond

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