Thomas H. Bayly
| Muscoe Thomas Henry Bayly | |
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| Member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Virginia's 1st district |
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In office March 4, 1853 – June 23, 1856 |
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| Preceded by | John Millson |
| Succeeded by | Muscoe Russell Hunter Garnett |
| Member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Virginia's 7th district |
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In office May 6, 1844 – March 3, 1853 |
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| Preceded by | Henry A. Wise |
| Succeeded by | William Smith |
| Chairman of the Committee on Foreign Affairs | |
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In office March 4, 1851 – March 3, 1855 |
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| Preceded by | John Alexander McClernand |
| Succeeded by | Alexander C. M. Pennington |
| Chairman of the Committee on Ways and Means | |
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In office March 4, 1849 – March 3, 1851 |
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| Preceded by | Samuel Vinton |
| Succeeded by | George S. Houston |
| Member of the Virginia House of Delegates from Accomack County | |
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In office 1836–1841 Alongside Robert Poulson, Thomas Cropper and John Ailworth |
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| Personal details | |
| Born |
December 11, 1810 Drummondtown, Virginia |
| Died | June 23, 1856 (aged 45) Drummondtown, Virginia |
| Resting place | Accomac, Virginia |
| Political party | Democratic |
| Alma mater | University of Virginia |
| Occupation | Attorney |
| Military service | |
| Service/branch | Virginia Militia |
| Years of service | 1837–1846 |
| Rank | Brigadier General |
| Unit | 21st Brigade |
Thomas Henry Bayly (December 11, 1810 – June 23, 1856) was a nineteenth-century politician, lawyer and judge from Virginia. He was the son of Thomas M. Bayly.
Born at the family estate called "Mount Custis" near Drummondtown, Virginia, Bayly attended the common schools as a child and went on to study law at the University of Virginia, graduating in 1829. Admitted to the bar in 1830, he practiced law in Accomac County, Virginia and engaged in agricultural pursuits. He served in the Virginia House of Delegates from 1836 to 1842 and was appointed brigadier general of the 21st Brigade in the Virginia Militia in 1837 which he served as until 1846. Bayly was elected judge of the Superior Court of Law and Chancery in 1842.
In 1844, he left that post when he was elected as a Democrat to fill a vacancy in the United States House of Representatives. He served in the House until his death in 1856, acting as chairman of the House Committee on Ways and Means from 1849 to 1851 and chairman of the Committee on Foreign Affairs from 1851 to 1855. He died on June 23, 1856 at his estate, Mount Custis, near Drummondtown, Virginia, and was interred in the family cemetery there. Bayly also has a cenotaph at Congressional Cemetery in Washington, D.C..
The University of Virginia Art Museum is housed in the Thomas H. Bayly Building.
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