Tian Han
| Tian Han | |
|---|---|
Tian Han
|
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| Born |
March 12, 1898 Guoyuan Town, Changsha County, Hunan |
| Died | December 10, 1968 (aged 70) Beijing |
| Pen name | Tián Shòuchāng, Bóhóng, Chén Yú, Shùrén, Hànxiān, etc. |
| Occupation | Playwright, novelist, poet |
| Language | Chinese, Japanese |
| Nationality | Chinese |
| Alma mater | Tokyo Higher Normal School |
| Period | 1920-1968 |
| Genre | Novel, poem, drama |
| Notable works | The March of the Volunteers |
| Spouse |
Yi Shuyu (m. 1920–25) Huang Dalin (m. 1927–29) Lin Weizhong (m. 1930–46) An E (m. 1930–68) |
| Children | Tian Dawei |
| Tian Han | |||||||||
| Traditional Chinese | |||||||||
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| Simplified Chinese | |||||||||
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| Transcriptions | |
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| Standard Mandarin | |
| Hanyu Pinyin | Tián Hàn |
| Wade–Giles | T‘ien Han |
Tian Han (12 March 1898 – 10 December 1968), born in Changsha, Hunan, and formerly romanized as Tien Han, was a Chinese drama activist, playwright, a leader of revolutionary music and films, as well as a translator and poet. He emerged at the time of the New Culture Movement of the early 20th century and continued to be active until the Cultural Revolution, when he was attacked and died in jail. He is considered by drama historians as one of the three founders of Chinese spoken drama, together with Ouyang Yuqian and Hong Shen. His most famous legacy may be the lyrics he wrote for "The March of the Volunteers" in 1934, which were later adopted as the national anthem of the People's Republic of China.
During the May Fourth Movement in 1919, Tian became famous for the vigorous anti-imperialist and anti-feudalist activities in the circle of artists and intellectuals he gathered.
Tian was educated at University of Tsukuba in Japan. Returning from Japan in 1921, Tian established the Creative Society together with Guo Moruo. The Southern China Society, also headed by Tian, played a leading role in promoting dramatic performances in southern China. In 1927, Tian taught at the Department of Literature of Shanghai Art University. Later, he joined The League of Chinese Left-Wing Dramatists.
Tian used various aliases and pen names including Tián Shòuchāng (田壽昌), Bóhóng (伯鴻), Chén Yú (陳瑜), Shùrén (漱人), and Hànxiān (漢仙).
He was attacked in 1966 on the eve of the Cultural Revolution for his historical play Xie Yaohuan (1961), an attack on Chairman Mao's policies. Criticism of this play, along with two other historical plays (Hai Rui Dismissed from Office by Wu Han and Li Huiniang by Meng Chao), were the opening salvos of the Cultural Revolution. Tian was denounced in a 1 February 1966 People's Daily article entitled "Xie Yaohuan is a Big Poisonous Weed" (田汉的《谢瑶环》是一棵大毒草 Tián Hàn de Xiè Yáohuán Shì yī kē Dà Dúcǎo). The Jiefang Daily called Xie Yaohuan a "political manifesto". Tian was incarcerated as a "counterrevolutionary" in a prison run personally by Kang Sheng, and died there in 1968. After the end of the Cultural Revolution, he and Xie Yaohuan were rehabilitated posthumously in 1979.
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