Trace route

In computing, traceroute is a computer network diagnostic tool for displaying the route (path) and measuring transit delays of packets across an (IP) network. The history of the route is recorded as the round-trip times of the packets received from each successive host (remote node) in the route (path); the sum of the mean times in each hop is a measure of the total time spent to establish the connection. Traceroute proceeds unless all (three) sent packets are lost more than twice, then the connection is lost and the route cannot be evaluated. Ping, on the other hand, only computes the final round-trip times from the destination point.

The command traceroute is available on many modern operating systems. On Apple macOS, it is available by opening the menu Network Utilities and selecting Traceroute, as well as from the command line interface in a terminal. On other Unix systems, such as FreeBSD or Linux, it is also available as a command line tool. On Microsoft Windows, it is named tracert. Windows NT-based operating systems also provide PathPing, with similar functionality. For Internet Protocol Version 6 (IPv6) the tool sometimes has the name traceroute6 or tracert6.

On Unix-like operating systems, traceroute sends, by default, a sequence of (UDP) packets, with destination port numbers ranging from 33434 to 33534; the implementations of traceroute shipped with Linux,FreeBSD,NetBSD,OpenBSD,DragonFly BSD, and macOS include an option to use ICMP Echo Request packets (-I), or any arbitrary protocol (-P) such as UDP, TCP using TCP SYN packets, or ICMP. In Windows, traceroute sends ICMP echo requests instead of UDP packets.

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