U.S. congressional districts

There are 435 state congressional districts in the United States House of Representatives, with each one representing approximately 711,000 people. The total number of state members has been capped by the Reapportionment Act of 1929. In addition, each of the five inhabited U.S. territories and the federal district of Washington, D.C. sends a non-voting delegate to the House of Representatives.

The Census Bureau conducts a constitutionally mandated decennial census whose figures are used to determine the number of congressional districts to which each state is entitled, in a process called "apportionment". For example, Nebraska had 6 districts until 1933 and only 3 following the 1960 census. The number of districts for Texas increased from 30 to 32 in 2002, and then to 36 in 2012 based on the 2010 census. Other states have lost districts. The 2012 elections were the first to be based on the congressional districts which were defined based on the 2010 census.

Each state is responsible for the redistricting of districts within their state, and several states have one "at-large" division. Redistricting must take place if the number of members changes following a reapportionment, or may take place at any other time if, for example, demographics represented in a district has changed substantially. Districts may sometimes retain the same boundaries while changing their district numbers.

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