Ugo Buoncompagni
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Pope Gregory XIII |
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| Bishop of Rome | |
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| Papacy began | 13 May 1572 |
| Papacy ended | 10 April 1585 |
| Predecessor | Pius V |
| Successor | Sixtus V |
| Orders | |
| Ordination | c. 1558 |
| Consecration | 1558 |
| Created Cardinal | 12 March 1565 by Pius IV |
| Personal details | |
| Birth name | Ugo Boncompagni |
| Born | 7 January 1502 Bologna, Papal States |
| Died | 10 April 1585 (aged 83) Rome, Papal States |
| Previous post |
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| Motto | Aperuit et clausit ("Opened and closed") |
| Coat of arms |  |
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Papal styles of Pope Gregory XIII |
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| Reference style | His Holiness |
| Spoken style | Your Holiness |
| Religious style | Holy Father |
| Posthumous style | None |
Pope Gregory XIII (Latin: Gregorius XIII; 7 January 1502 – 10 April 1585), born Ugo Boncompagni, was Pope of the Catholic Church from 13 May 1572 to his death in 1585. He is best known for commissioning and being the namesake for the Gregorian calendar, which remains the internationally accepted civil calendar to this day.
Ugo Boncompagni was born the son of Cristoforo Boncompagni (10 July 1470 – 1546) and of his wife Angela Marescalchi in Bologna, where he studied law and graduated in 1530. He later taught jurisprudence for some years, and his students included notable figures such as Cardinals Alexander Farnese, Reginald Pole and Charles Borromeo. He had an illegitimate son after an affair with Maddalena Fulchini, Giacomo Boncompagni, but before he took holy orders.
At the age of thirty-six he was summoned to Rome by Pope Paul III (1534–1549), under whom he held successive appointments as first judge of the capital, abbreviator, and vice-chancellor of the Campagna. Pope Paul IV (1555–1559) attached him as datarius to the suite of Cardinal Carlo Carafa, Pope Pius IV (1559–1565) made him Cardinal-Priest of San Sisto Vecchio and sent him to the Council of Trent.
He also served as a legate to Philip II of Spain (1556–1598), being sent by the Pope to investigate the Cardinal of Toledo. It was there that he formed a lasting and close relationship with the Spanish King, which was to become very important in his foreign policy as Pope.
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