The municipality has an area of 49.9 square kilometres (19.3 sq mi). It is crossed by the river Palancia, and an area in the south is part of the Calderona mountain range. However, no part of the municipality is in the Sierra Calderona National Park.

The town centre is located at a height of 559 metres (1,834 ft), on a rocky promontory along the San Roque Mountain. The population has settled in the opposite direction, staggered along the slope of the hill.

In the municipality of Viver, there are four population centres:

Surrounding Viver are: Teresa, Torás, Barracas, Pina de Montalgrao, Benafer, Jérica, all localities in the province of Castellón.

There is evidence of human settlements during the paleolithic period in the cave of El Sargal.

The first historical data documented for Viver is that the Roman Marco Poncio Catón founded this locality, with the name of Belsino, in 193 BC. Later, he changed the name to Vivarium, from which the present name was derived.

Around 1237–1239, King Jaime I conquered Viver from the Arabs. On 24 April 1244, the King granted to the population the title of "Real Villa" (royal estate), and 12 April 1367 the Puebla Letter is granted to him by Juan Alonso, Sire of Jérica.

Later, this villa was given back to the King and finally sold to the Duke of Calabria, Virrey of Valencia, in 1537. The Duke died on 26 October 1550, bequeathing his estate to the monastery of San Miguel of Reyes in Valencia,(which was founded by him), and the monks took possession of Viver.

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