Władysław Raczkiewicz
| Władysław Raczkiewicz | |
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Władysław Raczkiewicz in 1934
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President of the Republic of Poland 1st President in Exile |
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In office 30 September 1939 – 5 June 1947 |
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| Prime Minister |
Władysław Sikorski Stanisław Mikołajczyk Tomasz Arciszewski |
| Preceded by | Ignacy Mościcki (in country) |
| Succeeded by |
August Zaleski (in exile) Bolesław Bierut (in country) |
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Marshal of the Senate 3rd Marshal of Senate of the Second Republic |
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In office 9 December 1930 – 3 October 1935 |
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| Lieutenant | Ignacy Mościcki |
| Preceded by | Julian Szymański |
| Succeeded by | Aleksander Prystor |
| Personal details | |
| Born | 28 January 1885 Kutaisi, Georgia |
| Died | 6 June 1947 (aged 62) Ruthin, Wales |
| Resting place | Polish Aviators' Plot, Newark-on-Trent Cemetery, Nottinghamshire, England |
| Political party |
None (as President) BBWR (earlier) |
| Religion | Roman Catholicism |
Władysław Raczkiewicz ([vwadɨˈswaf rat͡ʂkʲɛˈvit͡ʂ]; 28 January 1885 – 6 June 1947) was a Polish politician, lawyer, diplomat and the first president of the Polish government in exile from 1939 until his death in 1947. Until 1945 he was the internationally recognized Polish head of state, and the Polish Government in Exile was recognized as the continuum to the Polish government of 1939.
Władysław Raczkiewicz was born in Kutaisi, the second-largest city in Georgia, at that time part of the Russian Empire to Polish parents Józef Raczkiewicz, a court judge, and Ludwika Łukaszewicz. He studied in Saint Petersburg where he joined the Polish Youth Organization. After graduating from the Faculty of Law at the University of Dorpat he was employed as a lawyer in Minsk. Upon the outbreak of World War I he served in the Russian Imperial Army, but after the Russian Revolution he joined the vanguard for Polish independence. Serving as the head of the Naczelny Polski Komitet Wojskowy, he helped to create the Polish I Corps in Russia. Later he served under future Marshal and chief-of-state Józef Piłsudski, who created the Polish Legions that ultimately aided Poland in re-establishing its independence.
As a volunteer he fought in the Polish-Soviet War between 1919 and 1920. At first supporter of endecja faction, later joined the sanacja camp headed by Piłsudski and his closest supporters. Raczkiewicz served as the Voivode of the Nowogródek Voivodeship from 1921 to 1924; government delegate to Wilno Voivodeship (1924–1925) and later as its voivode (1926–1931). After the Brest elections he was appointed the Senate Marshal (1930–1935) and Voivode of Kraków Voivodeship in 1935, and Pomeranian Voivodeship from 1936 to 1939.
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