W. E. Gladstone
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The Right Honourable William Ewart Gladstone FRS FSS |
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| Prime Minister of the United Kingdom | |
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In office 15 August 1892 – 2 March 1894 |
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| Monarch | Victoria |
| Preceded by | The Marquess of Salisbury |
| Succeeded by | The Earl of Rosebery |
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In office 1 February 1886 – 20 July 1886 |
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| Monarch | Victoria |
| Preceded by | The Marquess of Salisbury |
| Succeeded by | The Marquess of Salisbury |
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In office 23 April 1880 – 9 June 1885 |
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| Monarch | Victoria |
| Preceded by | The Earl of Beaconsfield |
| Succeeded by | The Marquess of Salisbury |
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In office 3 December 1868 – 17 February 1874 |
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| Monarch | Victoria |
| Preceded by | Benjamin Disraeli |
| Succeeded by | Benjamin Disraeli |
| Chancellor of the Exchequer | |
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In office 28 December 1852 – 28 February 1855 |
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| Monarch | Victoria |
| Preceded by | Benjamin Disraeli |
| Succeeded by | George Cornewall Lewis |
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In office 18 June 1859 – 26 June 1866 |
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| Monarch | Victoria |
| Preceded by | Benjamin Disraeli |
| Succeeded by | Benjamin Disraeli |
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In office 11 August 1873 – 17 February 1874 |
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| Monarch | Victoria |
| Preceded by | Robert Lowe |
| Succeeded by | Stafford Northcote |
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In office 28 April 1880 – 16 December 1882 |
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| Monarch | Victoria |
| Preceded by | Stafford Northcote |
| Succeeded by | Hugh Childers |
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Member of Parliament for Midlothian |
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In office 27 April 1880 – 7 August 1895 |
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| Preceded by | William Scott |
| Succeeded by | Thomas Gibson-Carmichael |
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Member of Parliament for Greenwich |
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In office 7 December 1868 – 27 April 1880 |
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| Preceded by | Charles Tilston Bright |
| Succeeded by | Henry de Worms |
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Member of Parliament for South Lancashire |
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In office 24 July 1865 – 7 December 1868 |
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| Preceded by | William Legh |
| Succeeded by | constituency abolished |
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Member of Parliament for Oxford University |
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In office 26 August 1847 – 24 July 1865 |
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| Preceded by | Thomas Grimston Estcourt |
| Succeeded by | Gathorne Hardy |
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Member of Parliament for Newark |
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In office 8 January 1833 – 30 January 1846 |
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| Preceded by | Thomas Wilde |
| Succeeded by | John Stuart |
| Personal details | |
| Born |
29 December 1809 62 Rodney Street, Liverpool, England |
| Died | 19 May 1898 (aged 88) Hawarden Castle, Wales |
| Nationality | British |
| Political party |
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| Spouse(s) | Catherine Glynne (m. 1839) |
| Children | William, Agnes, Stephen, Catherine, Mary, Helen, Henry, Herbert |
| Parents |
Sir John Gladstone Anne MacKenzie Robertson |
| Alma mater | Christ Church, Oxford |
| Signature |  |
William Ewart Gladstone, FRS, FSS (/ˈɡlædˌstən/; 29 December 1809 – 19 May 1898) was a British Liberal statesman and earlier Conservative politician. In a career lasting over 60 years, he served as Prime Minister four separate times (1868–74, 1880–85, February–July 1886 and 1892–94), more than any other person, and served as Chancellor of the Exchequer four times. Gladstone was also Britain's oldest Prime Minister; he resigned for the final time when he was 84 years old.
Gladstone first entered Parliament in 1832. Beginning as a High Tory, Gladstone served in the Cabinet of Sir Robert Peel. After the split of the Conservatives Gladstone was a Peelite – in 1859 the Peelites merged with the Whigs and the Radicals to form the Liberal Party. As Chancellor, Gladstone became committed to low public spending and to electoral reform, earning him the sobriquet "The People's William".
Gladstone's first ministry saw many reforms including the disestablishment of the Church of Ireland and the introduction of secret voting. After his electoral defeat in 1874, Gladstone resigned as leader of the Liberal Party, but from 1876 began a comeback based on opposition to Turkey's reaction to the Bulgarian April Uprising. Gladstone's Midlothian Campaign of 1879–80 was an early example of many modern political campaigning techniques. After the 1880 election, he formed his second ministry, which saw crises in Egypt (culminating in the death of General Gordon in 1885), and in Ireland, where the government passed repressive measures but also improved the legal rights of Irish tenant farmers. The government also passed the Third Reform Act.
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