Wasei eigo

Wasei-eigo (, "Japanese-made English", "English words coined in Japan") are Japanese language expressions based on English words or parts of words combinations, that do not exist in standard English language or whose meaning differs from the words they were derived from. Linguistics classifies them as pseudo-loanwords or pseudo-anglicisms.

Wasei-eigo words, compound words and portmanteaus are constructed by Japanese speakers on the basis of loanwords deriving from English and embedded into the Japanese lexicon with refashioned, novel meaning diverging significantly from the original. An example of wasei-eigo is reberu appu (レベルアップ, 'level up'), which means "rise a level" (the preposition being interpreted in line with Japanese word order as a verb qualifying its preceding object). Some wasei-eigo terms are not recognizable as English words in English-speaking countries, such as sukinshippu (スキンシップ, 'skinship'), which refers to physical contact and appears to have been coined from skin and kinship. In other cases, a word may simply have gained a slightly different meaning; kanningu (カンニング) means not "cunning", but "cheating" (on a test). Some wasei-eigo are subsequently borrowed from Japanese into other languages, including English itself.

Wasei-eigo is often confused with gairaigo, which is simply loanwords or "words from abroad". The main contributor to this confusion is that many gairaigo words derived from English are mistaken for wasei-eigo due to the phonological and morphological transformation they undergo to suit Japanese phonology and syllabary. These transformations often result in truncated (or "backclipped") words and words with extra vowels inserted to accommodate to the Japanese mora syllabic structure.Wasei-eigo, on the other hand, is the re-working of and experimentation with these words that result in an entirely novel meaning as compared to the original intended meaning.

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