Winnibigoshish Lake Dam
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Winnibigoshish Lake Dam
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Construction of the original 1884 dam
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| Location | Cass / Itasca counties, Minnesota |
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| Nearest city | Deer River, Minnesota |
| Coordinates | 47°25′44.5″N 94°3′6.8″W / 47.429028°N 94.051889°WCoordinates: 47°25′44.5″N 94°3′6.8″W / 47.429028°N 94.051889°W |
| Built | 1899 |
| NRHP Reference # | 82004629 |
| Added to NRHP | May 11, 1982 |
The original Winnibigoshish Lake Dam was built 1881-1884, in order to regulate the flow of water on the Upper Mississippi River. A constant flow was desired by loggers, fur traders, and millers downstream at St. Anthony Falls. The dam crosses the county line between Cass County and Itasca County, and lies within the Leech Lake Indian Reservation in the U.S. state of Minnesota. It is located 408 miles (657 km) north of Saint Paul, and creates Lake Winnibigoshish, Minnesota's fifth largest lake, at 67,000 acres (270 km2).
At the time of the construction of the original dam, the region was inhabited almost exclusively by Ojibwa Indians, who had lived on the shores of this part of the river for many generations, as documented by the explorer, Henry Schoolcraft. The United States Army Corps of Engineers used 2,000,000 board-feet (4720 cubic meters) of pine for the dam and related buildings, wiping out large sections of conifer forests. Along the shores were the Ojibwa's hay fields, maple trees, gardens, cranberry marshes, wild rice marshes, villages, and burial mounds. A staple in their diet was fish, which they caught with nets placed in the swift and shallow river current. Construction of the dam raised the water level by 14 feet (4.3 m), not only obliterating the natives' homes and history, but also wiping out their fisheries. Recent archeological research has shown that the burial mounds and ceramic fragments dated from 700–1000 ce. The construction of this dam was a significant milestone in the historical record of white, Western European settlers, Christian missionaries, and commercial interests eradicating the indigenous population from most of Minnesota.
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