Close back unrounded vowel
| Close back unrounded vowel | |||
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| ɯ | |||
| IPA number | 316 | ||
| Encoding | |||
| Entity (decimal) | ɯ |
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| Unicode (hex) | U+026F | ||
| X-SAMPA | M |
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| Kirshenbaum | u- |
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| Braille |
 
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| Sound | |||
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| Paired vowels are: unrounded • rounded | |||||||||||||||||||
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IPA help • IPA key • chart •  chart with audio •
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The close back unrounded vowel, or high back unrounded vowel, is a type of vowel sound used in some spoken languages. Acoustically it is a close back-central unrounded vowel. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is ⟨ɯ⟩. Typographically a turned letter m, given its relation to the sound represented by the letter u it can be considered a u with an extra "bowl". It is not to be confused with ⟨uɪ⟩, a sequence of the symbols ⟨u⟩ and ⟨ɪ⟩ (which represent the close back rounded vowel and the near-close near-front unrounded vowel, respectively), which may look very similar in some fonts.
Essentially, this sound is an ordinary French/Spanish/Italian [u] (as in Spanish nunca) pronounced with unrounded lips.
The IPA prefers terms "close" and "open" for vowels, hence the name of this article. However, a large number of linguists, perhaps a majority, prefer the terms "high" and "low".
The symbol ⟨ɯ⟩ is sometimes used for Japanese /u/, but that sound is rounded, albeit with labial compression rather than protrusion. It is more accurately described as an exolabial close back vowel.
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