List of caliphal governors of Sind

During the Umayyad and Abbasid caliphates, the governor of Sind (Arabic: عامل السند‎‎ ‘āmil al-Sind) was an official who administered the Muslim province of Sind.

The governor was the chief Muslim official in the province and was responsible for maintaining security in the region. As the leader of the provincial military, he was also in charge of carrying out campaigns against the non-Muslim kingdoms of India. Governors appointed to the region were selected either directly by the caliph, or by an authorized subordinate, and remained in office until they either died or were dismissed.

Sind was a frontier province of the Umayyad and Abbasid caliphates from its conquest in c. 711 until the mid-ninth century. Situated at the far eastern end of the caliphate, it consisted of the territories held by the Muslims in India, which at the time were centered in the Indus region. Sind proper was bounded on the west by Makran, on the northwest by Sijistan and the district of Turan, on the northeast by Multan, on the east by the Thar Desert, on the southeast by the non-Muslim Hind, and on the southwest by the Indian Ocean.

In the history of the Muslim conquests of the caliphate, Sind was a relatively late achievement, occurring almost a century after the Hijrah. Military raids against India had been undertaken by the Muslims as early as the reign of 'Umar ibn al-Khattab (634-644), but the pace of expansion in the region was initially slow. Several governors were appointed to the Indian frontier (thaghr al-Hind) and tasked with conducting campaigns in the east. Some of these expeditions were successful, but others ended in defeat and a number of governors were killed while serving there. In the caliphate of Mu'awiyah ibn Abi Sufyah (661-680), the region of Makran was subdued and a garrison was established there. Over the course of the following decades, the Muslims gradually worked their way further east, conquering the district of Qusdar and raiding the areas around Qandabil and al-Qiqan.

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