Mansura (Brahmanabad)
| منصورہ (Urdu) | |
Coins during the rule of Amirs of Sind, c. 257 -- 421 AH / c. 870 -- 1030 AD
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 Shown within Pakistan
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| Location | Sanghar District, Sindh, Pakistan |
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| Coordinates | 25°52′52″N 68°46′37″E / 25.88111°N 68.77694°ECoordinates: 25°52′52″N 68°46′37″E / 25.88111°N 68.77694°E |
| Type | Settlement/Capital City |
| Part of | Umayyad Caliphate in Sindh |
| History | |
| Periods | 8th Century |
| Cultures | Umayyad Caliphate in Sindh |
Mansura (Arabic: منصورہ) was the historic capital of the Arab empire in Sindh, Pakistan during the eighth century under the Umayyad Caliphate. The city now lies in Sanghar District situated about 8 miles (13 km) south-east of Shahdadpur, Sanghar District, and 43 miles (69 km) north-east of Hyderabad.
The city was constructed by Khalid ibn Barmak (705–782), a member of the Persian Barmakids family. The city holds an important position in Muslim history as the first to be built by Arabs according to the principles of town-planning. Seventeen years later, lessons learned in Mansura were applied in Baghdad where there were once numerous Sindhi inspired buildings and monuments.
Mansura's history began under the Umayyad Caliphs, when Muslim Arabs attempted to conquer the frontier kingdoms of India, Kabul, Zabul, and Sindh. In the early 8th Century, with the Kingdom of Sindh convulsed by internal strife, the Arabs seized their chance and renewed their attacks. Thereafter it was captured by Muhammad ibn Qasim, nephew of al-Hajjaj ibn Yusuf, the governor of Iraq and Khurasan. Qasim's successors attempted to expand from Sindh into the Punjab and other regions. Al-Masudi ascribed the foundation of the city to Governor Mansur ibn Jamhur, the last Umayyad governor of Sindh. Umar ibn Abd al-Aziz, who belonged to the Banu Habar tribe, the clan of Banu Asad, was the first governor of al-Mansura. Under the Caliphate of al-Mansur, Khalid was appointed governor of Fars and, after helping obtain Prince Isa ibn Musa's renunciation of his succession to the caliphate in 765, became governor of Tabaristan. Around the same time, his son Yahya ibn Khalid, was appointed governor of Adharbayjan.
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